In an era defined by asymmetric warfare and multinational coalitions, language proficiency has become a strategic asset for military personnel, directly impacting mission success and international collaboration. Traditional military language training, while methodical, has proven insufficient in meeting the demands of scalability, flexibility, and contextual relevance in modern operational environments. This study examines the effectiveness of technology-enhanced language learning tools—including virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and mobile platforms—within military settings, identifies institutional and technological barriers to their adoption, and proposes an integration framework. Drawing on Vygotsky's sociocultural theory and cognitive load theory, the research analyzes empirical data from recent implementations at military training institutions in the United States, the United Kingdom, and NATO. Findings reveal that immersive technologies such as VR can reduce situational anxiety by up to 40% and achieve post-training proficiency rates of 92%, while AI-driven adaptive systems reduce training time by up to 18%. However, institutional resistance (with 45% of instructors perceiving AI as a threat to their role), budget constraints (estimated at $12,000 per VR workstation), cybersecurity challenges, and ethical concerns regarding data privacy and algorithmic bias present significant barriers to widespread adoption. The article concludes with actionable policy recommendations, including the development of robust security frameworks, interoperable technical standards, the redefinition of instructors as facilitators, and public-private partnerships to mitigate costs. Ultimately, while technology-enhanced language learning holds transformative potential, its full realization requires overcoming institutional and technological obstacles through multidimensional strategic interventions.