In multinational operations, intelligence gathering, and civil affairs, language proficiency has emerged as a critical competency for military personnel. However, traditional language training programs consistently face challenges related to time constraints, mission diversity, and cultural gaps. This article employs a systematic literature review methodology (following the PRISMA framework) and analyzes 75 studies published between 2018 and 2024 to evaluate the effectiveness of language learning strategies for military personnel. Findings reveal that immersive strategies—including virtual reality simulations and field-based role-playing—are the most effective, improving operational proficiency by 35% and mission success by 28%, while cognitive and peer-to-peer strategies demonstrate comparatively lower efficacy. Technological tools (mobile applications and virtual reality), despite high scalability, encounter infrastructure limitations in operational theaters (with only 30% of units having access) and translation errors in local dialects. Key barriers include time constraints (68% of studies), mission diversity (52%), and cultural gaps (38%). The article concludes by proposing hybrid models that integrate immersion and technology and emphasizes mission-specific customization to enhance linguistic readiness and reduce dependence on external interpreters.